Cover crops like camelina, field pennycress or winter canola are being studied as likely feedstocks for future renewable fuel production as part of Chevron Corp.’s effort to advance its low-carbon fuel market to a lofty goal of 100,000 barrels per day by 2030.

More than a year since its acquisition of Renewable Energy Group (REG) of Ames, one of the leaders in the renewable fuels energy industry, Chevron is moving full speed ahead...